Radiative forcing refers to the difference between the incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth and the outgoing thermal radiation emitted by the Earth back into space. It is a key concept in climate science, as changes in radiative forcing can lead to alterations in the Earth's energy balance and hence in the planet's climate. Radiative forcing can be influenced by factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosols, and changes in solar radiation. Scientists often study radiative forcing to better understand and predict the impacts of human activities on the Earth's climate system.